Fe-Mn impregnated biochar alleviates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate stress in vegetative growth of wheat

In this study, we examined the effects of 0.5–2% iron and manganese oxide-modified biochar (FM) as remediation to control di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in soil response wheat at different growth stages. The application FM original (BC) significantly reduced DEHP concentrations roots leaves effectively immobilised soils stages, alleviated oxidative damage by reducing O2– H2O2 content increasing activities antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase. Moreover, photosynthetic parameters (stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, rate, transpiration rate) fluorescence indicators (maximum photochemical efficiency, electron transport actual quantum yield) growing DEHP-spiked were also improved, which caused increases biomass above-ground underground seedling, booting, ripening Compared BC, amendment led a greater improvement crop bioavailability. Therefore, has good potential for DEHP-polluted soils.